Trudeau 정부는 4월 16일 535 빌리언 달러의 지출 (11.5 빌리언 달러의 새로운 지출)과 39.8 빌리언 달러의 적자를 예상하는 연간 (2024-25 회계연도) 예산을 발표하였다. (여기를 클릭하면, 캐나다 연방정부가 발표한 Budget 2024를 볼 수 있다.)
연방정부 예산은 그동안 주요한 기반이었던 젊은이들의 이탈이 나타나자, 40세 미만의 젊은이들을 의식한 예산이라는 평가가 대부분이다. 연방정부의 Chrystia Freeland (Finance) 장관은 예산 설명에서 젊은 세대를 의식하여 “세대적 공정성 (generational fairness)”이라는 단어를 사용하기도 했고, 예산 문서에 “공정성”이라는 단어를 50번이 사용되었다는 것이 언론들의 보도이다.
■ 다음은 연방정부 예산의 주요한 항목이다.
ㆍ 535 빌리언 달러: 2024-25 회계연도 총 정부지출.
ㆍ 39.8 빌리언 달러: 전체 재정적자, 지난해 가을 경제 보고서에서 언급한 40 빌리언 달러와 거의 유사한 금액.
ㆍ 11.5 빌리언 달러: 올해 신규 지출액.
ㆍ 8.5 빌리언 달러: 새로운 주택건설을 촉진하기 위한 금액.
ㆍ 3.87 밀리언: 연방정부가 2031년까지 건설할 새로운 주택 숫자.
ㆍ 2.6 빌리언 달러: 교육비용을 완화하고, 젊은 캐네이디언들의 새로운 일자리 기회 창출을 위한 “세대적 공정성 (generational fairness)” 지향에 투입되는 금액.
ㆍ 19.4 빌리언 달러: 연방정부가 5년간 자본 이득세 변경을 통해 예상하는 세수.
ㆍ 1.5 빌리언 달러: 향후 5년간 피임약, 당뇨병 약품 그리고 소모품에 대한 보편적 보장을 위한 5년간 비용.
ㆍ 1.7 빌리언 달러: 연방정부가 담배에 대한 소비세율 인상을 통해 5년간 확보할 수 있는 세수.
ㆍ 8.1 빌리언 달러: 향후 5년간 캐나다 국방 예산 증액.
ㆍ 1.76 퍼센트: 2030년까지 국방비 지출이 GDP에서 차지하는 비중, NATO의 목표인 2 퍼센트에는 미치지 못함.
ㆍ50번: 예산 문서에 “공정성” 이라는 단어가 등장하는 횟수.
■ 다음은 보도자료 또는 지역 언론들에 보도된 매니토바에 대한 반응 중에서 일부를 요약한 것이다:
ㆍScott Gillingham 위니펙 시장:
Gillingham 시장은 보도자료에서 주택에 초점을 맞추는 것에 대해서는 기쁘게 생각하지만, 연방-주-지자체 사이에서 자금을 더 예측 가능하고 효율적으로 집행할 수 있도록 하는 영구적인 자금 모델을 향한 움직임이 없다는 것에 대해서는 유감스럽다고 했다.
ㆍ매니토바 주정부 Adrien Sala (Finance 담당) 장관:
Trudeau 정부가 활용도가 낮은 연방정부 보유의 토지와 건물을 사용하여 주택위기를 해결한다는 계획을 갖고 있기 때문에, 매니토바 주정부는 이것을 저렴하게 주택 공급을 늘리는 기회로 활용하겠다는 것이 Sala 장관의 생각이라고 했다.
Sala 장관은 연방정부의 청정 에너지와 관련한 사항은 매니토바에 큰 도움이 될 것이지만, 인프라와 관련한 자금 조달에서는 실망스럽다고 했다.
ㆍUniversity of Winnipeg 경제학과 Philippe Cyrenne 교수:
Cyrenne 교수는 프리 프레스와의 인터뷰에서 COVID 기간 엄청난 지출로 인한 여파 그리고 경기부진으로 인해 세수를 늘리는 것도 쉽지 않은 상황이다. 그래서 부자들에 대한 세금을 높이는 것은 예상할 수 있었던 것이지만, 경제적보다는 정치적 논리로 결정된 것이기 때문에 후폭풍을 지켜볼 필요가 있다는 이야기를 했다.
ㆍ Association of Manitoba Municipalities의 Kam Blight 회장:
Blight 회장은 보도자료에서 주택 공급을 직접적으로 지원하기 위해 지자체에 직접적으로 제공하는 1 빌리언 달러를 포함하여 새로운 6 빌리언 달러 규모의 Canada Housing Infrastructure Fund를 환영한다고 했다.
Blight 회장은 매니토바 지자체들이 물 그리고 폐수 문제를 해결하기 위해 고군분투하고 있는데, 연방정부가 필수 인프라에 대한 자금 지원을 약속한 것은 좋은 소식이라고 했다.
그러나 Blight 회장은 늘어나는 범죄율과 공공안전 문제를 해결하는데 필요한 예산은 부족하다고 했다.
ㆍ Canadian Taxpayers Federation의 Franco Terrazzano 연방 이사:
세금을 인상하고 지출을 늘리며, 40 빌리언 달러의 적자 예산을 편성한 것을 비판했다.
Terrazzano 이사는 보도자료에서 대규모 재정적자는 더 많은 이자비용이 납세자들에게 부과된다는 것을 의미하며, 정부가 균형 예산을 맞추거나 캐네이디언들의 돈을 절약할 계획이 없다는 것을 말하는 예산이라고 비판했다.
ㆍ Raquel Dancho (MP for Kildonan-St. Paul) 의원:
Dancho 의원은 보도자료에서 연방정부 예산이 매니토밴들의 필요를 충족시키지 못하고 있다고 했다. 그녀는 지난해부터 범죄는 20 퍼센트나 더 폭력적으로 변했고, 원-베드룸 아파트 임대료는 2023년 이후 26 퍼센트 인상되었고, 푸드뱅크를 이용하는 매니토밴들이 50,000명을 넘었다는 지적을 하였다.
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