캐나다 농업산업은 새로운 테크놀로지의 도입으로 최첨단을 유지하기 위한 변화를 거듭해 오고 있다. 그러나 캐나다 농업인구의 변화는 전체 인구변화와 상당한 차이가 있다.
농업부문(Census of Agriculture) 2021년 인구조사를 보면, 대부분의 농부들은 백인, 남성, 다른 캐네이디언들보다 부유, 고령 그리고 기독교인들이다. 물론, 노동시간도 길다. 이것은 전형적인 캐나다 농촌의 모습이다.
ㆍ 관련기사: 2021 센서스에 나타난 현재의 캐나다 농업
캐나다 농촌을 구성하고 있는 인구를 살펴보면, 전체 인구의 변화와는 상당한 차이가 있다는 것을 알 수 있다.
예를 들면, 2021년 인구조사에서 여성의 농장운영자 숫자가 2.3 퍼센트 증가했는데, 이는 1991년 이후 처음으로 증가한 숫자이다. 여성은 캐나다 농장 운영자들 중에서 30.4 퍼센트를 차지하고 있으며, 여성이 단독으로 운영하는 농장은 15 퍼센트 미만이다.
같은 기간에 남자의 농장 운영자 숫자는 5.8 퍼센트 감소하였다.
캐나다 인구에서 농업인구가 차지하는 비중은 1.6 퍼센트이다. 다른 캐네이디언 가구들과 마찬가지로 농가의 구성원도 숫자가 점점 줄어들고 있는데, 그 속도가 빠르다는 것이다.
50년전, 캐나다 농업가구의 평균가족은 4.3명이었는데, 2021년에는 2.8명이었다. 동일한 기간에 캐나다의 가구당 평균가족은 3.5명에서 2.4명으로 낮아졌다.
새로운 이민자들이 농업을 시작하려는 경우가 있지만, 이들이 캐나다 농업인구에서 차지하는 비중은 7 퍼센트 미만이다. 이 숫자는 캐나다 전체의 23.1 퍼센트와 비교된다.
StatCan는 보고서에서 “캐나다 농업부문 내에서의 인구의 다양성은 생산성 향상을 제공하기 때문에 중요하다.”고 하였다. 다양한 배경을 가진 사람들은 식품과 생산에 대해서도 다른 관점을 가지고 있기 때문이다. 이것은 그로서리 매대에도 상품구성에도 영향을 줄 수 있기 때문이다.
ㆍ 관련기사: 언어적 다양성이 증가하고 있음을 보여준 2021년 인구조사 데이터
인종화된 그룹이 현재 캐나다 인구의 4분의 1 이상을 차지하고 있지만, 농업인구의 3.7 퍼센트에 불과하다.
인디지너스로 분류되는 농부의 비율이 완만하게 증가하고 있으며, 3분의 2는 메이티로 분류되는 사람들이다.
농촌인구에서 남성이 차지하는 비율은 전체 인구에 비해서도 높고, 55세 이상의 인구비율도 높다.
ㆍ 관련기사: 2033년까지 농장 운영자의 40 퍼센트 이상이 은퇴할 것으로 예상한 보고서
2021년 인구조사를 보면, 농촌인구 중에서 남성의 40.3 퍼센트가 55세 이상이었는데, 이는 전체 인구의 31.2 퍼센트와 비교된다. 농장인구 55세 이상에서 여성이 차지하는 비중은 41.0 퍼센트였고, 전체 인구에서는 33.5 퍼센트였다.
물론, 35세 미만이 농업에 종사하는 비중은 전체 인구비율에 비해 낮다.
1970년대 농가의 모든 소득원은 캐나다의 다른 가구에 비해 34 퍼센트나 낮았다. 그러나 2016년과 2021년 인구조사에서 캐나다 농가의 평균소득은 다른 캐네이디언 가구들에 비해 17.3 퍼센트와 14.6 퍼센트가 더 높았다.
이처럼 농가소득이 높은 이유는 농가소득의 거의 46 퍼센트가 농장 밖에서 풀-타임 또는 파트-타임으로 일하는 가족구성원에게서 나왔다는 것을 알아 둘 필요가 있다. 이는 두가지 이상의 소득에 의존하는 다른 캐나다 가구와 다르지 않다는 것이다.
농업에 종사하는 사람들은 캐나다의 비농업인들이 농업을 이해하지 못하고 있다는 불만을 제기하고 있다. 이것은 아마도 농업인과 비농업인을 연결하는 고리가 부족하다는 것을 말하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 또한, 캐나다 식량 시스템이나 식량안보에 대한 비전 공유를 어렵게 만드는 것으로도 작용한다는 일부의 지적도 있다.
정부는 Ag in the Classroom과 같은 프로그램 외에도 비농업인들에게 농업을 이해시키는 방법을 연구할 필요가 있을 것으로 보인다. 물론, 농부들도 자신들의 일이 변화하는 캐나다의 모습에 어떻게 반영되는지에 대해 배우고 투자해야 한다.
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