알버타 최대의 도시 캘거리에서 이민자와 난민을 대상으로 서비스와 언어 교육을 담당하고 있는 Centre for Newcomers는 지난해 50,000명에게 서비스를 제공한 것으로 발표했다.
이 숫자는 2022년에 비해 100 퍼센트 이상 증가한 것이며, 5년전에 비해서는 3배나 늘어났다는 것이 센터의 설명이다. 센터는 또한 일부 서비스의 경우는 400 퍼센트나 늘었다고 했다. 캘거리의 신규 이민자 서비스에 대한 수요 급증은 알버타의 기록적인 인구 증가를 반영하는데, 여기에는 장ㆍ단점이 있다.
Statistics Canada가 발표한 자료에 따르면, 알버타의 인구는 2024년 1월 1일 기준으로 4,800,768명으로 지난 12개월간 4.3 퍼센트 (202,324명) 증가했다. 이는 알버타 역사상 가장 높은 증가율로, 매일 550명이 알버타 지역으로 이주한 것이다. 증가의 대부분은 해외 이민이었지만, 캐나다 내의 이동에서도 순유입이 55,107명이었다. 순유입 증가도 모든 주에서 가장 높은 수치이다.
ㆍ 관련기사: 2023년, 66년만에 가장 높은 인구 증가율을 기록한 캐나다
캐나다의 다른 지역에서 알버타로 옮겨온 사람들의 대부분은 온타리오와 브리티시 컬럼비아 출신이었다. Statistics Canada는 온타리오에서 알버타로 38,236명이 이주했는데, 알버타에서 온타리오로 이주한 사람은 14,860명이라고 했다.
알버타는 원유와 천연가스에 기반한 경제이기 때문에 원자재 가격의 변화에 따라 캐나다에서 급격한 인구 증가가 가장 흔하게 발생하는 지역이다. 그러나 지금은 다른 상황이라는 것이 일반적인 평가이다. 지금은 토론토나 밴쿠버에 비해 저렴한 주택가격 그리고 캐나다의 대표적 국립공원인 밴프와 가까운 것이 큰 역할을 하고 있다.
특히, 2023년 봄부터 실시하고 있는 “Alberta Is Calling” 캠페인이 큰 성공을 거두고 있기 때문이다. “Alberta Is Calling” 캠페인은 비교적 급여가 높고, 부동산 가격이 낮은 알버타로 이주할 것을 촉구하는 캠페인이다.
마케팅 관점에서는 “Alberta Is Calling” 캠페인이 성공적이었지만, 급격한 인구로 인한 부정적인 면도 있다. 인구가 급격하게 늘어난 것은 알버타의 경제성장을 촉진하고 지역의 소매점과 레스토랑 그리고 건설활동 급증으로 연결되었다. 무엇보다 주목할 점은 부동산 가격을 더 이상 낮은 가격으로 내버려 두지 않았다는 것이다.
Calgary Real Estate Board가 발표한 2024년 3월 기준 주택평균가격은 지난해보다 11 퍼센트 오른 597,600 달러였다. 그리고 캘거리는 지난해 캐나다에서 임대료도 가장 가파르게 오른 지역이었다. 2023년 2-베드룸 아파트의 평균 임대료가 14 퍼센트 상승했는데, 전국에서 가장 높은 상승률이었다.
Business Council of Alberta는 새로운 주택건설이 인구성장을 따라잡지 못하고 있다고 했다. 새로 도착한 사람들은 패밀리 닥터를 구하지 못해 어려움을 겪고 있으며, 학교 등록자 증가로 인해 교실도 과밀해진 상황이다.
주택, 도로 그리고 학교를 건설하는데 필요한 건설 노동자, 용접공 그리고 숙련된 기술자도 부족한 상황이라는 것이 Business Council of Alberta의 설명이다.
전문가들은 알버타의 인구증가가 2024년과 2025년에도 계속될 것으로 예상하지만, 지난해와 같은 속도는 아닐 것이라는 예상을 하고 있다. 알버타 주정부는 2039년까지 알버타 인구가 6 밀리언에 이를 것으로 예상하고 있다.
Centre for Newcomers는 캐나다 프레리 지역의 주정부들은 급속한 인구성장으로 인해 어려움을 겪고 있는 알버타의 사례를 진지하게 살펴보아야 한다는 이야기를 하고 있다.
‘Alberta Is Calling’이 열정, 기술, 재능 그리고 기업가 정신을 가진 사람들을 알버타로 끌어들여 경제를 성장시키는 것에는 성공하였다. 그러나 주민들의 삶의 질에 부담을 주는 몇 가지 과제들은 해결해야 한다는 것이 현지 언론들의 공통적인 지적이다.
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