요즘 캐나다의 뉴스에서 많은 내용을 차지하는 것 중에 하나는 그로서리 비용의 상승과 소지자 행동의 변화이다.
캐나다의 인플레이션율이 지난해에 비해 낮아졌다고는 하지만, Statistics Canada가 발표한 9월 CPI (Consumer Price Index) 리포트는 여전히 지난해 동월과 비교하여 5.9 퍼센트 높은 수준이다.
Statistics Canada는 지난 7월에 그로서리 인플레이션이 평균 인플레션을 훨씬 웃도는 수준을 계속하고 있으며, 전체적으로는 2년전에 보고된 수준보다 20 퍼센트 높은 증가율을 기록하고 있다고 했다.
뉴스에 “그리드 플레이션 (greedflation)”이나 “슈링크플레이션 (shrinkflation)”과 관련한 사례도 자주 등장하고 있다. 정치인들은 주목을 받기위해 그로서리 기업들을 공격하기도 한다. 인기 칼럼니스트들은 낙농가들에게 손가락질하는 경우도 있다.
그러나 가장 중요한 것은 소비자들의 그로서리 취득과 소비와 관련된 소비자 행동을 변화시키는 것이다.
기아는 세가지 주요한 원인으로 볼 수 있다: 식품 부족, 전쟁과 같은 위험 그리고 소비력 부족이다. 캐나다는 3가지 중에서 2가지는 적용되지 않는다고 볼 수 있다.
캐네이디언의 15 퍼센트가 식량불안으로 인한 어려움을 겪고 있다. 캐나다처럼 평화롭고 풍요로운 땅에서 먹을 여유가 없다는 것은 범죄에 가까운 비극이라고 표현하는 사람들도 있다.
이번주 Food Banks Canada가 발표한 연례 HungerCount 보고서에 따르면, 지난해 1.9 밀리언 명의 캐네이디언이 푸드뱅크를 찾았으며, 이는 전년도에 비해 32 퍼센트나 늘어난 숫자이다. 그리고 이용객의 3분의 1이 어린이였다는 것이 보고서의 설명이다.
쉬운 해결책이 있을 수 없다. 해결책의 출발은 배고픔을 겪는 사람이 없어야 한다는 것이다. 그리고 가격의 문제보다는 소득의 문제라는 것을 인식하는 중요하다.
그로서리 가격을 낮추는 것만이 배고픔의 문제를 해결할 수 있는 것은 아니다. 또한 그로서리 가격 상승으로 인한 변화가 모두에게 부정적으로 작용한다는 것을 주장하는 것도 올바른 의견이 아니다.
Dalhousie University의 Agri-Food Analytics Lab (AAL)은 2022년과 2023년 9월에 소비자들이 높은 그로서리 가격에 어떻게 대응하고 있는지를 조사하였다.
2022년 조사에서는 40.6 퍼센트가 음식 낭비를 줄이려고 노력하고 있다고 답했는데, 2023년 조사에서는 79.6 퍼센트로 급증하였다. 즉, 구매가 줄었다는 것이다.
2023년 조사에 따르면, 사람들이 그로서리 매장에서 덜 구매하지만, 쇼핑은 더 자주하는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 Statistics Canada가 올 봄에 발표했던 내용과 일치하는 것이다. 설문조사에 참여한 응답자들의 거의 절반은 고기를 덜 구매하는 것으로 답했다.
올해 AAL 설문조사에서 발견한 중요한 것은 소비자들의 3분의 2가 높은 그로서리 가격으로 인한 영양저하가 장기적인 건강에 영향을 미칠 것을 우려하고 있다는 것이다.
통계는 다양한 방법으로 해석할 수 있다. 그러나 제일 중요한 것은 음식이 영양분을 섭취하는 필수품이라는 것이다.
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