캐나다 대부분의 도심이 높은 공실률, 팬데믹 이후 변화된 업무 한경으로 인해 많은 직장인들이 예전과 같이 다운타운의 사무실로 복귀하지 않을 것이라는 전망과 씨름하고 있다.
Ontario Business Improvement Area Association (OBIAA)은 최근 발표한 자료에서 온타리오 전역에서 과거에 볼 수 없었던 경제적 영향들을 목격하고 있다고 했다. 협회는 이런 상황이 캐나다 다운타운의 근본적인 성격에 변화를 촉발할 것으로 보이지만, 변화에는 시간이 걸릴 것이며 사람들을 다시 다운타운으로 불러오기 위해서는 대규모 투자와 인프라 변경이 필요하다고 했다.
도시 전문가들은 빈 사무실 공간을 주택으로 개조하는 것과 같은 다양한 새로운 솔루션을 제안하고 있다.
ㆍ 관련기사: 빈 사무실 건물을 주거용으로 전환하는 트랜드
ㆍ 관련기사: ‘피지털’을 수용할 필요가 있는 사무실 빌딩
International Downtown Association Canada (IDA Canada)회원들은 지난 11월 팬데믹 기간에 연방정부로부터 받은 긴급 대출금 상환을 연장할 것으로 연방정부에 촉구하였다. 협회는 또한 다운타운을 강화하기 위한 연방정부의 자금지원을 요구하기도 했다.
토론토, 몬트리올, 빅토리아 그리고 핼리펙스와 같은 도시들의 다운타운 사무실 공실률은 11 – 14 퍼센트이다. 위니펙과 에드먼턴과 같은 도시들의 다운타운에서는 공실률이 33 퍼센트에 달한다는 자료도 있다.
Downtown Winnipeg Business Improvement Zone (Downtown Winnipeg BIZ)의 CEO Kate Fenske는 언론과의 인터뷰에서 다운타운의 취약성이 국가 전반적인 경제와 재정 안정성을 훼손한다는 이야기를 했었다. 그녀는 또한 다운타운이 강해야 도시가 강해진다는 이야기도 했다.
CEO Fenske는 위니펙의 경우, 다운타운이 시내 전체면적에서 차지하는 비중이 1 퍼센트 미만이지만, 커머셜 세금과 비즈니스 세금의 17 퍼센트를 담당하고 있으며, 이 자금이 도시 전체의 서비스와 편의시설을 지원하고 있는 것으로 설명했다.
연방정부의 Soraya Martinez Ferrada (Tourism 담당) 장관도 여려 방법을 통해 다운타운 활성화를 지원할 방안을 모색하고 있으며, 직장인들에게 의존하지 않으면서 사람들을 다시 불러올 수 있는 새로운 방법을 만들기위해 노력하고 있다고 했다.
장관은 다운타운 핵심을 어떻게 사용할 수 있는지에 대한 새로운 흐름을 개발하는 것이라고 하면서, 앞으로 다운타운이 의미하는 바에 대해 많은 변화를 볼 수 있을 것이라고 했다.
University of Toronto의 School of Cities는 북미 전역의 다운타운 상태를 차트로 작성하는 “다운타운 복구” 프로젝트를 실시하고 있다. 이 프로젝트는 COVID-19 팬데믹 직전인 2019년과 현재의 다운타운 방문자 숫자를 비교하는 것이다.
School of Cities가 Canadian Urban Institute와 협력하여 11월 30일 State of Canada’s Cities라는 보고서를 발표하였다. 10월을 기준으로 작성한 보고서에 따르며, 몬트리올의 방문객 숫자는 팬데믹 이전의 67 퍼센트, 토론토 70 퍼센트, 위니펙 76 퍼센트, 런던 (온타리오) 79 퍼센트), 밴쿠버 85 퍼센트 그리고 미시사가 (온타리오)는 91 퍼센트로 캐나다에서 가장 높은 방문객 숫자를 기록했다.
238 페이지 분량의 보고서는 “도시 생활이 약속하는 모든 가능성을 극대화하기 위해” 60가지의 실행 가능한 항목들도 제안하였다. 제안에는 오랫동안 비어 있는 다운타운 커머셜 또는 사무실 공간을 저렴한 주택으로 전환, 지역의 특성을 잘 표현한 문화와 장소 만들기에 대한 투자 그리고 멘탈 헬스와 노숙자 문제를 해결하는 것도 포함되어 있다.
School of Cities는 많은 다운타운들이 오피스 공간에 “과도하게 의존”되도록 설계되어 있다고 했다. 보고서는 과거의 사례도 언급하였다. 다운타운이 1900년대 초에 제조업에서 벗어나는 변화를 겪는데 상당한 오랜 시간이 걸렸기 때문에 새로운 비즈니스 모델을 구축하기까지 수십년이 걸릴 수 있다고 했다.
Edmonton Downtown Business Association (EDBA)은 에드먼턴 그리고 위니펙과 같은 도심의 경우는 도심에 더 많은 주거 개발을 유치하는 것이 한가지 방안이 될 수 있다고 했다. 이를 위해서는 정부의 더 많은 인센티브가 필요하다는 것이 협회의 설명이다.
협회는 다운타운에 대한 새로운 표준이 필요하다는 사실을 깨닫기 시작하는 시점에 와 있으며, 사무실에 근무하는 사람들에게만 의존할 수 없다고 했다.
현재 캐나다 일부 도시에서 다운타운의 문제점은 기물파손 그리고 기타의 범죄가 증가하고 있다는 것이다.
ㆍ 관련기사: 선거 이슈로 범죄, 헬스케어, 빈곤/홈리스를 선택한 매니토바 유권자들
ㆍ 관련기사: 범죄와 안전을 걱정하고 있는 매니토바 스몰 비즈니스
Vancouver Police의 GeoDash Crime Statistics Hub에 따르면, 지난해와 올해 가을 8주간을 비교했을 때 다운타운 커머셜 지역의 무단침입 26 퍼센트 그리고 사람을 대상으로 한 범죄가 12 퍼센트 감소했지만, 좀도둑과 차량절도는 늘어난 것으로 나타났다.
Toronto Police가 발표한 2021년과 2022년을 비교한 자료에 따르면, 다운타운 일부지역에서 범죄가 증가했지만, 다른 지역에서는 감소한 것으로 나타났다. Ottawa Police는 다운타운이 위치한 Ward 14지역의 범죄율이 7.3 퍼센트나 늘어났다고 했다.
이런 데이터가 현실을 정확하게 반영하는 것은 아니지만, 캐나다 도시들의 다운타운에서 범죄가 늘어나고 있다는 것은 부정할 수 없을 것으로 보인다.
몬트리올에 있는 La Societe de developmentpement du boulevard Saint-Laurent (SDBSL)는 다운타운 문제의 장기적인 해결책은 사무실에만 가는 것이 아니라 사회적인 연결을 위한 장소로 다운타운을 재구축하는 것이라고 했다. 이제는 팬데믹 이전처럼 주 5일 사무실에서 근무하지 않기 때문에 사람들이 갈 수 있는 친숙한 거리를 만들어야 한다고 했다. 집과 일하는 곳 이외에도 사람들이 교류할 수 있는 공간이 필요하다는 것이다. 이것이 팬데믹 기간이 우리가 잃었던 대표적인 것이기 때문이다.
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