사스캐치완 주정부가 현재 시간당 11.81 달러의 최저임금을 10월 1일부터 시간당 13.00 달러로 인상하기로 했다.
매니토바는 현재 시간당 최저임금이 11.95 달러인데, 10월 1일부터 시간당 12.35 달러가 적용될 예정이다. 40센트 인상은 지난해 인플레이션을 반영한 것이다. 만약, 매니토바 주정부가 이것을 그대로 적용할 경우 캐나다에서 가장 낮은 최저임금이다. 그래서 사스캐치완과 비슷한 수준은 유지되어야 한다는 의견을 내는 사람들을 볼 수 있다.
ㆍ 관련기사: 최저임금 인상 압력을 받을 것으로 보이는 매니토바 주정부
ㆍ 관련기사: 시간당 최저임금이 가장 낮아지는 매니토바
University of Winnipeg의 James Townsend 교수는 더 프리 프레스와의 인터뷰에서 “현재의 물가상승률을 고려했을 때, 구매력으로 측정하는 실질 최저임금은 오히려 줄어들고 있는 상황”이라고 했다. Townsend 교수는 3월 인플레이션 기준으로 했을 때 시간당 최저임금이 12.75 달러 이상이 되어야 한다는 주장을 하고 있다.
매니토바 주정부의 Heather Stefanson 주수상은 5월 9일 최저임금을 더 높이는 방안을 고려하고 있다는 취지의 발언을 했고, 주정부의 Cliff Cullen 장관 (Economic Development 담당)은 전체 매니토바 근로자중에서 최저임금 수령자가 6 퍼센트정도라고 했다.
Silver Heights Restaurant의 Tony Siwicki 오너는 시간당 최저임금이 40센트 인상될 경우 연간 15,000 달러에서 16,000 달러가 추가로 필요하다고 했다. 그는 “모든 것이 예측할 수 없는 수준으로 계속해서 오르고 있다. 비용이 오른다고 무작정 고객에게 전가할 수는 없다. 최저임금을 인상하는 것은 영업시간을 단축하거나 비용을 절감하는 것을 의미한다. 그러나 서비스 품질이 떨어지는 것을 피해야하기 때문에 직원을 줄이고 싶지는 않다.”고 말했다.
Cantor’s Quality Meats and Groceries의 Ed Cantor 오너는 “시간당 최저임금이 15 달러로 인상된다면, 직원을 줄여야 한다. 현재의 상황에서 시간당 최저임금을 지급하겠다면, 지원자가 없을 것이다. 대부분의 위니펙 비즈니스 오너들은 최저임금보다 1.25 달러 높은 금액에서 시작하여 3개월 수습기간을 마친 다음에 올려 준다.”고 했다.
| · 다음은 캐나다 전역의 시간당 최저임금으로 2022년 10월 1일자 인상 계획이 포함된 것이다. ㆍ 누나붓: 16 달러 ㆍ 유콘: 15.70 달러 ㆍ 브리티시 콜롬비아: 15.65 달러 ㆍ 온타리오: 15.50 달러 ㆍ 노스웨스트 테리토리: 15.20 달러 ㆍ 알버타: 15.00 달러 ㆍ 퀘벡: 14.25 달러 ㆍ 뉴 브런즈윅: 13.75 달러 ㆍ 프린스 에드워드 아일랜드: 13.70 달러 ㆍ 노바 스코시아: 13.60 달러 ㆍ뉴파운드랜드 앤 라브래도: 13.20 달러 ㆍ 사스캐치완: 13.00 달러 ㆍ 매니토바: 12.35 달러 |
Manitoba Chambers of Commerce의 CEO Chuck Davidson은 “팬데믹을 벗어나도 팬데믹 이전의 수익을 낼 수 있는 사람은 많지 않다. 물가상승을 고려한 균형이 필요하다는 것은 인정하지만, 최저임금을 인상하는 것만이 답이 아니다.”고 말했다.
CEO Davidson은 매니토바의 개인 소득세율이 사스캐치완 그리고 알버타보다 높기 때문에 이것을 조정하는 것도 방법이라고 했다.
매니토바는 연간 개인소득 10,145 달러부터 세금을 납부하지만, 사스캐치완의 최저 라인은 16,615 달러 그리고 알버타는 19,369 달러이다. 매니토바보다 가이드라인이 낮은 곳은 뉴파운드랜드 앤 라브래도와 노바 스코시아뿐이다.
매니토바는 사스캐치완과 알버타보다 더 많은 세금을 내고 있다: 10,145 달러 – 34,431 달러까지는 10.8 퍼센트, 34,432 달러 – 74,416 달러는 12.75 퍼센트 그리고 그 이상은 17.4 퍼센트이다.
사스캐치완의 개인 소득세는 16,615 달러 – 46,773 달러까지가 10.5 퍼센트 그리고 다음 계층인 46,774 달러 – 133,638 달러는 12.5 퍼센트이다.
알버타는 19,369 달러 – 131,220 달러까지 10 퍼센트이다.
세율을 낮추는 것은 주정부의 세수 부족과 직결되기 때문에 공공 서비스가 줄어들 가능성도 있다는 것을 염두에 둘 필요가 있다.
Statistics Canada가 2018년말을 기준으로 작성한 자료에 따르면, 최저임금 근로자의 절반이상이 24세 이하이며, 이들 중에서 60 퍼센트 이상이 여성이다. 그리고 최저임금 일자리의 절반이 호스피탤러티 분야였다. 특히, 유색인종들이 많다.
최저임금을 인상할 경우에 공공요금을 비롯한 다른 부분도 함께 인상될 것이다. 그리고 최저임금을 높일경우, 경영자들은 일자리를 줄일 방법을 찾을 것이다.
그래서 최저임금 그리고 생활임금에 대한 논의를 주저하는 경제학자들도 제법 있다.
실업률이 높을 때는 최저임금이라는 가이드라인이 필요할 가능성도 있지만, 실업률이 낮을 때는 최저임금이라는 개념이 필요 없다고 볼 수 있다. 2022년 4월 캐나다의 실업률은 5.2 퍼센트 그리고 매니토바는 5.0 퍼센트였다.
ㆍ 관련기사: 캐나다 4월 지역 그리고 주요도시 실업률
최저임금이 빈곤의 문제를 해결하는 ‘마법의 총알’이 아님에도 불구하고 이 논쟁에 빠져들고 있다. 이것은 경제적 불평등 그리고 빈곤을 해결하는 퍼즐의 한가지 방법일 뿐이다.
최저임금 논쟁을 벗어나는 가장 좋은 방법은 양질의 좋은 일자리를 많이 창출하는 것인데, 이것에 대해 본격적으로 이야기해 보자는 선출직도 없고, 학자들도 없고, 지적하는 주류 언론들도 없다. 이것이 문제라면 문제라고 볼 수 있다.
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