최근 위니펙 소매점에서 일어나고 있는 상황은 심각함을 나타내고 있다. 소매점 좀도둑이 44 퍼센트나 증가하고 매장에서 폭력강도사건이 발생하자 경찰은 단속을 강화하였다. 그 결과 11월 초부터 150명 이상을 체포했다는 것이 경찰의 발표이다.
지난 2주동안, 시내 소매점에서 2명의 직원이 물건을 훔치는 좀도둑이 휘두르는 칼에 찔리는 사건이 발생했다. 피해자들은 이유 없이 공격을 당했다.
진정으로 중요한 문제는 회복하기 어려운 것은 직장의 안전감이다. 어느 누구도 돈을 벌기 위해 일하는 장소에서 자신의 생명에 의협을 느껴서는 안된다.
좀도둑질은 다양한 동기를 지닌 복잡한 범죄이다. 누구에게는 기회의 범죄이고, 다른 누군가에게는 빈곤, 중독, 식량불안, 그리고 멘탈 헬스의 문제로 촉발된 절망의 범죄이다. Winnipeg Police Service와 소매점 범죄를 줄이기 위해 노력하고 있는 Retail Council of Canada는 조직범죄가 소매점 절도 증가의 원인으로 보고 있다.
소매점 절도범 증가의 원인을 생활비 위기 그리고 매니토바의 4.9 퍼센트 실업률에 찾으려고 하는 것은 근본적인 대책이 아니라고 볼 수 있다.
다른 많은 범죄들과 마찬가지로, 원인을 해결하기 위해서는 개별적인 사건을 넘어서서 소매점 절도범이 늘어난 사회적, 환경적 그리고 재정적인 요인을 고려해볼 필요가 있다.
범죄의 예방 그리고 단속만으로는 한계가 있다. 즉, 근본적인 원인을 해결해야 한다는 것이다.
소매점 좀도둑 사례에 대해서는 매니토바 주정부 공기업인 Liquor Marts의 대책을 연구해볼 필요가 있다. Liquor Marts에서 술을 훔치는 좀도둑이 급격하게 늘어나자, 공기업은 고객, 직원 그리고 상품의 안전을 위해 출입문에서 방문자의 신원을 확인하는 정책을 실시하였다.
그 결과, Liquor Marts에서 발생하는 도난사건은 급격하게 줄어든 대신에 다른 소매점에서 사건이 급증하고 있다. 이것은 경찰과 전문가들이 예견했던 것이다. Liquor Marts 개별적으로는 제법 성과가 있는 해결책이지만, 근본적인 문제는 해결되지 않았다.
모든 매장이 Liquor Marts처럼 출입자를 통제할 수 없고, 그렇게 해서도 안된다. 그로서리 매장에 들어가기 위해 공항 검색대 스타일의 보안 검색을 거쳐야 한다는 생각을 해 보자. 이것은 살기 좋은 곳의 모습이 아니다.
매니토바 좀도둑의 비율은 COVID-19 팬데믹 이전에 비해 낮은 수준이지만, 최근 절도에 수반되는 충격적인 폭력은 무시할 수 없는 수준이다. 대부분의 소매점들은 영세하기 때문에 경비원을 고용하거나 값비싼 보안 시스템을 설치할 여력이 없다. 그래서 많은 사람들이 좀도둑을 줄이기 위해서는 다각적인 접근방식이 필요하다는 이야기를 하고 있다.
경찰도 문제의 복잡성을 잘 알고 있는 것으로 보인다. 그래서 경찰은 사회복지기관과 협력하여 초범자에게 전환 프로그램을 제공하고 있다. 위니펙 경찰은 체포한 150명이 넘는 좀도둑 중에서 몇 명이 사회복지 서비스를 받는지에 대해서는 발표하지 않았다.
이는 긍정적 그리고 회복적 정의를 지향하는 접근방식으로 상습범에게 확대 적용하는 것도 검토해 볼 필요가 있다. 상습범 역시 어떤 형태로든 근본적인 어려움을 겪고 있을 가능성이 높기 때문이다.
매니토바에서는 5,000 달러 미만의 경범죄 절도에 대해 최대 6개월까지 징역형이 내려질 수 있다. 범죄를 유발하는 행동을 억제하기 위한 리소스도 제공하지 않고, 상습 좀도둑을 법률 시스템으로 밀어붙이는 것은 문제를 지속시키는 것이다.
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