Program for International Student Assessment(PISA)가 최근 발표한 테스트 결과에서 매니토바는 수학분야에서 더 이상 전국 최하위가 아닌 것으로 나타났다.
그러나 새로운 PISA 결과에서 캐나다 학생들의 해당과목 성적이 계속적으로 하락하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 COVID-19 팬데믹으로 인해 학교가 대면수업을 시작하기 이전부터 진행되어 온 것이다.
ㆍ 관련기사: 매니토바 학생들의 능력을 저하시킨 COVID
매니토바 학생들은 2003년 표준 테스트에서 528점을 받았었다. 이 점수는 2022년에 470점으로 떨어졌었다. 새로운 점수는 캐나다 전체 그리고 OECD 전체 평균보다 낮다. 매니토바의 수학점수는 노바 스코시아와 동점이고 뉴브런즈윅, 사스캐치완 그리고 뉴파운드랜드 앤 라브래도에 비해서는 높은 점수이다.
매니토바 학생들의 수학 점수가 캐나다에서 꼴찌를 벗어났다는 것에 안도감을 가질 일이 아니라, 지속적으로 점수가 낮아지고 있다는 것이 심각한 문제이다. 그 추세가 매우 심각한 수준이라는 것이다.
■ 2003년부터 2022년까지 PISA 수학 평균점수
| 연도 | 2003 | 2006 | 2009 | 2012 | 2015 | 2018 | 2022 |
| 캐나다 평균 | 532 | 527 | 527 | 518 | 516 | 512 | 497 |
| 뉴파운드랜드 앤 라브래도 | 517 | 507 | 503 | 490 | 486 | 489 | 459 |
| 프린스 에드워드 아일랜드 | 500 | 501 | 487 | 479 | 499 | 487 | 478 |
| 노바 스코시아 | 515 | 506 | 512 | 497 | 497 | 494 | 470 |
| 뉴 브런즈윅 | 511 | 506 | 504 | 502 | 493 | 491 | 468 |
| 퀘벡 | 536 | 540 | 543 | 536 | 544 | 532 | 514 |
| 온타리오 | 530 | 526 | 526 | 514 | 509 | 513 | 495 |
| 매니토바 | 528 | 521 | 501 | 492 | 489 | 482 | 470 |
| 사스캐치완 | 516 | 507 | 506 | 506 | 484 | 485 | 468 |
| 알버타 | 549 | 530 | 529 | 517 | 511 | 511 | 504 |
| 브리티시 컬럼비아 | 538 | 523 | 523 | 522 | 522 | 504 | 496 |
| OECD 평균 | 500 | 498 | 496 | 494 | 490 | 489 | 472 |
ㆍ 관련기사: 전국 최하위에 머물고 있는 매니토바 학생들의 읽기 그리고 수학 실력
캐나다에서 수학 점수가 제일 높았던 곳은 퀘벡이었고, 다음으로는 알버타, 브리티시 컬럼비아, 온타리오 그리고 프린스 에드워드 아일랜드의 순이었다.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)는 3년마다 전 세계 81개 회원국의 15세 청소년을 대상으로 PISA 테스트를 실시한다.
시험의 초점은 읽기 (Reading), 과학 (Science) 그리고 수학 (Math)을 번갈아 가면서 진행한다. 2022년 테스트는 다른 두 과목에 대해서도 질문이 주어졌지만, 수리력에 중점을 둔 시험이었다.
지난해 4월 18일부터 6월 7일까지 캐나다 10개주에서 약 23,000명의 학생들을 대상으로 학교에서 2시간동안 컴퓨터에 기반한 시험을 치렀다. 각 참가자는 1단계에서 6단계까지 분류되었다.
‘레벨-6’의 점수는 669점 그리고 ‘레벨-1’의 점수는 233점이었다. 1위 국가인 싱가포르의 평균점수는 575점이었다. 캐나다 평균점수는 497점으로 전체 국가 중에서 상위 10퍼센트에 포함되었다.
■ 2022년 PISA 테스트 수학 평균점수 상위 10개국
| Math | Reading | Science | |
| OECD 평균 | 472 | 476 | 485 |
| 싱가포르 | 575 | 543 | 561 |
| 일본 | 536 | 516 | 547 |
| 한국 | 527 | 515 | 528 |
| 에스토니아 | 510 | 511 | 516 |
| 스위스 | 508 | 483 | 503 |
| 캐나다 | 497 | 507 | 515 |
| 네덜란드 | 493 | 459 | 488 |
| 아일랜드 | 492 | 516 | 504 |
| 벨기에 | 489 | 479 | 491 |
| 덴마크 | 489 | 489 | 494 |
매니토바 학생들 중에서 29 퍼센트는 현대사회에 완전하게 참여하는데 필요한 수학 능력의 기본수준을 달성하지 못한 숫자가 29 퍼센트나 되었다. 즉, ‘레벨-2’ 이하가 29 퍼센트나 된다는 것이다.
매니토바 학생의 27 퍼센트가 ‘레벨-2’였고, 4분의 1이 ‘레벨-3’ 그리고 약 14퍼센트만 ‘레벨-4’였다. 단, 6 퍼센트 (캐나다 평균의 절반 미만)만이 높은 성취자로 분류되었다.
매니토바 주정부의 Nello Altomare (Education 담당) 장관은 매니토바 교육을 개선하는데 데이터를 활용할 것이며, NDP정부는 수리력과 읽고 쓰는 교육을 강화하겠다고 했다.
한 수학 컨설턴트는 산수 교육에 대한 전문성이 필요하다고 했다. 컨설턴트는 “수학 자원은 읽고 쓰는 능력과는 달리 학년마다 다르기 때문에 학생들의 다양한 이해 수준을 충족시키고, 차별화된 방법의 수리훈련을 제공해야 한다.”고 했다.
또한 수학 교육자는 “수학을 실제 상황에 활용하도록 돕기” 위해 아이들에게 현금, 아날로그 시계, 온도 판독값 그리고 매장의 가격표와 같은 것에 자주 노출되도록 권장한다고 했다.
한편, Manitoba Teachers’ Society는 PISA 결과에 대해 OECD가 교육 연구의 허브라기 보다는 경제 싱크탱크라고 평가절하했다. 그리고 협회는 교사가 각 학생들이 필요로 하는 것을 가장 잘 아는 위치에 있다고 했다.
Manitoba Teachers’ Society는 빈곤부터 교사부족에 이르기까지 다양한 요인이 표준화된 시험 결과에 영향을 미친다고 했다.
University of Winnipeg의 Anna Stokke 수학 교수는 프리 프레스와 인터뷰에서 “하지만, 학교에서 수학을 잘 가르치는 것에도 집중해야 한다.”고 했다.
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