캐나다 연방정부는 4월 8일 새로 발표한 국방정책 문서에서 기후변화와 점점 더 공격적인 적들이 북극 주권을 위협함에 따라, 캐나다 군대가 향후 20년간 북극지역에서 더 큰 역할을 맡게 될 것이라고 했다.
Justin Trudeau 총리는 Bill Blair (Defense 담당) 장관, Ginette Petitpas-Taylor (Veterans Affairs 담당) 장관 그리고 Chrystia Freeland (Finance 담당) 장관과 Canadian Forces Base Trenton에서 Our North, Strong and Free: A Renewed Vision for Canada’s Defence 정책을 발표하였다.
정부는 북극의 얼어붙은 환경에 적합한 새로운 차량 구입, 북극 위성 기지국 건설 그리고 새로운 북부지역 작전 허브를 구축할 계획이다. 문서에는 캐나다가 공중과 지상 외에도 얼음 아래도 스스로 방어할 준비가 되어 있어야 한다는 것을 적고 있다.
2021년, Royal Canadian Navy는 2030년 중반에 수명을 다하게 될 빅토리아급 잠수함 4척을 교체하기 위한 준비를 시작했다. 업데이트된 국방정책은 재래식 추진 잠수함 구매를 전제로하고 있지만, 총리는 핵추진 옵션에 대해서도 문을 열어 두었다.
Trudeau 총리는 세계에서 가장 긴 해안선과 북극에서 가장 긴 해안선을 보호해야 하는 책임을 가진 캐나다에 가장 적합한 유형의 잠수함이 어떤 것인지에 대해 조사를 할 것이라고 했다. 그리고 총리는 미국이 주도하고 영국과 호주가 참여하고 있는 인도-태평양 지역의 새로운 군사동맹 AUKUS에도 가입하는 방법을 모색하고 있다고 했다.
Canadian Armed Forces는 또한 캐나다의 사이버스파이 기관인 Communications Security Establishment와 함께 군사 작업을 감독할 새로운 Cyber Command를 설립할 예정이다.
연방정부는 “Our North, Strong and Free” 정책이 2030년까지 군사비 지출을 GDP의 1.76 퍼센트까지 늘릴 것이라고 했다. 여기에는 향후 5년간 8.1 빌리언 달러를 추가로 확보하고, 2044년까지 74 빌리언 달러를 지출하는 것이 포함된다.
향후 20년간 포병 탄약 생산을 늘리는데 9.5 빌리언 달러, 조기 경보기 구입에 307 밀리언 달러, 그리고 장거리 미사일 구매에 2.7 빌리언 달러를 배정하였다. 2016년부터 2026년까지 연간 국방비가 두배로 늘어날 것으로 예상된다.
캐나다의 국방비 지출은 NATO 동맹국이 지난 7월 지출에 합의한 최소 2 퍼센트에는 여전히 미치지 못한다. NATO가 발표한 최신 자료에 따르면, 캐나다는 GDP의 1.33 퍼센트를 국방비에 지출하고 있다.
캐나다 정부는 러시아가 우크라이나를 침공한 이후, 2년전 처음으로 국방정책을 업데이트할 것이라는 발표를 했었다. 현재 캐나다 군대는 모집과 유지에 문제를 겪고 있다. 16,000명의 인력이 부족하고, 10,000여명의 병력은 배치하기에 충분한 훈련이 부족한 실정이라는 것이 국방부의 설명이다.
Blair 국방부 장관은 지난 몇 년간 Canadian Armed Forces에 입대한 사람보다 떠나는 사람이 많았는데, 이것에 대해 심층적으로 조사를 벌였다고 했다. 캐네이디언들이 군복을 입는 것을 방해하는 요인으로는 빈번한 이동, 배우자 고용 기회 부족, 헬스와 보육에 대한 제한된 접근, 과포화된 주택 그리고 이동과 관련한 높은 비용이라는 것이 문서의 설명이다.
정부는 이러한 문제를 해결하는 방법으로 Canadian Armed Forces 주택 전략을 시작하여 5년간 100 밀리언 달러 투입 그리고 군인들의 보육 접근성 개선을 위해 295 밀리언 달러를 지출할 계획이다. 그리고 군대의 모집 과정을 점검하고 신속하게 처리하겠다는 것이 정부의 방침이다.
야당인 Conservatives는 긴급하게 지출해야 하는데도 불구하고 국방비 지출의 대부분을 다음 선거 이후로 미루고 있다며 비판했다.
Canadian Association of Defense and Security Industries는 정부가 정책으로 약속을 한 것에 대해서는 고무적이지만, 세부적인 내용이 없다고 지적하였다. 예를 들면, 동일한 유입 경로에 더 많은 돈을 투자한다고 해도 동일한 결과가 나올 것이기 때문에 조달 시스템 개혁 등에 대한 것이다.
■ 전체적으로, “Our North, Strong and Free” 국방정책은 향후 20년간 73 빌리언 달러를 추가로 할당하겠다는 것이다. 이 자금이 어떻게 사용될 것인지에 대한 세부적인 내용은 다음과 같다:
ㆍ 9.5 빌리언 달러: 캐나다에서 새로운 포병 탄약 생산을 늘리고, 자체 비축용 탄약 구매.
ㆍ 18.4 빌리언 달러: CH-146 Griffon을 대체할 새로운 전술용 헬리콥터 구입.
ㆍ 2.7 빌리언 달러: 육군용 장거리 미사일 구매.
ㆍ 1.4 빌리언 달러: 미사일, 수중 시스템, 선박 그리고 잠수함을 탐지할 수 있는 특수 해양 센서.
ㆍ 307 밀리언 달러: 공중 조기 경보기 구입.
ㆍ 2.8 빌리언 달러: 새로운 Canadian Armed Forces Cyber Command
ㆍ 5.5 빌리언 달러: 적들이 통신을 방해하거나 방해할 수 없도록 보장하는 포괄적인 위성통신 구입.
ㆍ 9 빌리언 달러: 향후 20년간 기존 장비의 중요한 업데이트.
ㆍ 9.9 빌리언 달러: 핼리펙스급 호위한 수명 연장과 해상 보충 능력 확대.
■ 정부는 또한 다음을 포함하여 몇 지 새로운 기능에 대한 “옵션 탐색”에도 전념하고 있다:
– 드론, 미사일 그리고 포병으로부터 지상-기반 대공 방어 시스템 보호.
– 장거리 공중 그리고 해상 미사일.
– 업그레이드 또는 새로운 전투용 탱크 그리고 경장갑 차량.
– 기존의 동력을 사용하여 얼음 아래에서도 작동할 수 있는 잠수함.
– 드론 공격 대비와 감시 그리고 공격용 드론.
– 얼음, 눈 그리고 툰드라에 적합한 모든-지형 차량.
– 새로운 북극 그리고 연안 순찰선이 해상에서 헬리콥터를 운영할 수 있도록 하는 방법.
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