우리는 인류 역사상 가장 단절된 시대에 살고 있다. ‘헬로우’와 같은 단순한 인사가 아니라, 이웃과 진정한 대화를 나었던 때를 생각해 보자.
이것은 이번 달 U.S. Surgeon General (미국 보건총국)이 발표한 “Our Epidemic of Loneliness and Social Isolation” 이라는 제목의 보고서의 주된 내용이다.
보고서는 긴급한 퍼블릭 헬스 문제에 대해 사람들의 주의를 환기시키기 위한 목적이다. 우리는 이런 보고서가 나온 배경을 이해할 필요가 있다.
사회적 상호작용의 부족으로 인해 퍼블릭 헬스 적자가 더 심해지고 있다는 것이다. 열악한 사회적 관계부족 (사회적 고립, 사회적 지원부족, 외로움)은 심장마비의 위험성을 29 퍼센트, 뇌졸중의 위험을 29 퍼센트나 높인다는 것이다. 면역력이 약해져서 점염병에 취약하다는 것이다. 타입 2 당뇨병의 발병 위험도 높아진다. 이는 놀랍게도 노인들의 치매 발병 위험을 50 퍼센트나 높인다.
보고서에는 다음과 같은 내용도 있다. 사회적인 고립은 자살 생각, 시도 또는 치명적인 행동을 일으킬 수 있는 가장 강력하고 신뢰할 수 있는 예측변수라는 것이다.
이를 Public Health Agency of Canada의 자료와 비교를 해 보면, 15 – 34세 사이에서 비-우발적인 사망원인의 1위가 자살이라는 것에서도 알 수 있다, 그래서 변화가 시급한 것은 명백한 사실이다.
보고서에는 커뮤니티 활동의 이점을 강조하면서 사회적 고립으로 초래되는 해악을 피할 수 있는 방법이라는 내용도 있다. 상호간 연결이 강하면 강할수록 사람들의 건강, 지역사회의 안전, 경제적 번영 그리고 커뮤니티 활동 참여에서 극적인 개선을 보여준다는 것이다.
다음의 사항은 사회적 고립이 가져오는 부정적인 퍼블릭 헬스 결과를 막기위한 해결책을 모색하는데 사용할 수 있는 방법들이다:
• 사회적 상호작용 수용: 쉬고 간단한 것으로 생각되지만, 사회적 고립이 심하면 심할수록 어려워지고 있다. 이웃과 대화를 시작하거나 체육관에서 새로운 사람들과 대화를 하는 것도 불편하다. 쉽지 않다고 해서 피할 일도 아니다.
예를 들면, 우리가 병원에 가는 것이 그다지 재미있는 일이 아니지만, 병원에 간다. 이유는 우리의 건강을 지키기 위해 의사를 만나러 가는 것이다. 사회적 교류도 마찬가지다. 커뮤니티 그룹에 가입하고, 커뮤니티 행사에 참여하고, 커뮤니티에서 열리는 수업에 참여해 보기 바란다.
• 우선순위에 개인의 건강: 육체적 그리고 정신적 복지는 복잡하게 연결되어 있다. 건강에 높은 우선순위를 두면, 사회적 연결에도 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 물론, 반대도 마찬가지다.
예를 들면, 규칙적인 운동은 스트레스를 줄이고, 기분을 좋게 하며, 멘탈 헬스에 도움을 주는 것으로 입증되고 있다. 스포츠, 야외 레크리에이션, 체육관 멤버십 가입 그리고 신체적인 활동에 참여하는 것도 다른 사람들과 연결고리를 만들 수 있는 방법이다.
• 자원봉사 참여: 자원봉사는 지역과 연결고리를 만들고, 목적의식을 제공하기 때문에 고립감을 이겨내는 좋은 방법이다. 그리고 자신의 경험과 노하우를 사회에 기여할 수 있는 방법이기도 하다.
• 교류하는 연령대 범위 확대: 다양한 연령대의 사람들과 교류하는 것은 풍요로움을 느낄 수 있으면서 고립감을 퇴치하는데 도움이 되는 방법이다. 세대간 프로그램, 멘토링 그리고 가족중심의 활동은 다양한 연령대의 사람들이 함께 모여 서로 배우고 지속적인 유대감을 형성할 수 있는 길을 제시한다. 세대간 교류를 늘리는 것은 지혜를 얻을 수 있는 한가지 방법이기도 하다.
• 포괄성과 다양성 수용: 사람을 포용하는 환경과 공간을 만드는 것은 연결을 촉진하고 고립감과 싸우는데 중요한 방법이다. 다양성을 적극적으로 수용하고, 모든 사람이 가치 있고 존중 받는다는 것을 느끼도록 보장함으로써 커뮤니티는 개인들이 모여 있는 관계를 형성할 수 있는 플랫폼을 제공하는 것이다. 서로 다른 문화와 배경 그리고 관점을 기념하는 것은 공감과 이해를 촉진하는 것이다.
• 커뮤니티 공간구축: 커뮤니티 연결에 투자할 책임은 개인에게 있지만, 정부에게도 있다. 정부는 공원, 녹지공간, 레크리에이션 시설, 축제 그리고 이벤트를 포함하여 시민들이 의미 있는 연결을 만드는 인프라에 투자해야 한다. 우리가 누구인지 그리고 매니토밴으로서의 자부심을 연결하기 위해 정부로부터 이러한 모든 유형의 “장소 만들기”에 대한 강력한 지원을 받을 필요가 있다.
U.S. Surgeon General의 보고서는 우리사회의 외로움과 고립의 전염병을 긴급하게 해결할 필요가 있다는 것을 강조하고 있다. 위에서 언급한 사항들은 우리가 이러한 문제에 대처하고 연결감을 키울 수 있는 방법들이다.
우리가 U.S. Surgeon General의 “Our Epidemic of Loneliness and Social Isolation” 보고서를 통해 생각해야 할 진정한 방법 중에 한가지는 “Together (함께)”이다.
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